💢Most Common Suffixes 🆔 @Vision_Press3 🔶1. -able, ible = can be done : identifiable, predictable 🔶2. -al, ial = has property of : personal 🔶3. -ant = having an effect : coolant, accelerant 🔶4. –based = forming a major part of : computer-based, oil-based 🔶5. –cy = state or quality : accuracy, literacy, urgency 🔶6. -ed* = past verb : turned 🔶7. –ee = person affected by something : interviewee, trainee, addressee 🔶8. -en = made of : golden 🔶9. -er = comparative : higher 🔶10. -er = one who : doer, actor 🔶11. -est = superlative : best, biggest 🔶12. –free = without : debt-free, pain-free 🔶13. –ful = full of : careful, joyful 🔶14. –hood = state, condition, period : adulthood, motherhood 🔶15. –ic = having property of, connected with : linguistic, photographic, electric 🔶16. –ics = study of : genetics, electronics 🔶17. –ify = give something a quality : clarify, purify, solidify 🔶18. –ing* = present participle : running 🔶19. –ism = belief, behaviour : modernism, heroism 🔶20. – ist = person with specific beliefs or behaviour : anarchist, optimist 🔶21. –(t)ion = act, process : action 🔶22. –(i)ty = state of : infinity, sanity 🔶23. –(t)ive = adjective : motive, votive 🔶24. –ize, -ise = bring about a state or condition : modernize/modernize, colonize/colonise 🔶25. –less = without : fearless, careless, childless, meaningless 🔶26. –like = resembling : bird-like, child-like, hook-like 🔶27. –ly* = having : quickly, quietly 🔶28. –ment = action, process : enjoyment 🔶29. –ness = quality or state of : kindness, effectiveness, openness 🔶30. –ocracy = type of ruling body : meritocracy, bureaucracy 🔶31. –ocrat = person ruling : technocrat, aristocrat 🔶32. –ology, -ological = study of : archaeology, biology, biological, geology, physiological 🔶33. –ous = having : joyous, religious 🔶34. –proof = protected against, safe from : waterproof, dustproof 🔶35. –s* = more than one : books 🔶36. –ship = state or experience of having a specific position : professorship, leadership. 🆔 @Vision_Press3

💢نکاتی در مورد "Abbreviations" ⭕️ درس دوم پایه دوازدهم An abbreviation is a shortened version of a word or phrase. Here are some examples of abbreviations and their meanings: 🔸MP – Member of Parliament 🔸Dr – Doctor 🔸NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 🔸app – application 🔸They’d – They would There are four different types of abbreviations in English: 🔶1- Initialism 🔶2- Acronym 🔶3-Shortening 🔶4-Contraction در زیر به شکل اجمالی به هر قسمت اشاره میشود 👇👇👇 ✴️تهیه کننده : جناب استاد ساسان عزیزی نژاد از تالش، استان گیلان 🆔 @Vision_Press3

💢نکاتی در مورد "Abbreviations" ⭕️ درس دوم پایه دوازدهم 🔻بخش اول Let’s look at each type in more detail. 🔶Initialism: An initialism is formed from the first letters of a group of words. We pronounce each letter individually. 🔸FBI – Federal Bureau of Investigation 🔸ASAP – as soon as possible 🔸CD – compact disc 🔸CEO – Chief Executive Officer 🔸FAQ – frequently asked questions 🔸PLC – public limited company 🔸UFO – unidentified flying object 🔸USA – United States of America 🔸VAT – value added tax Rules for capital letters If the first letters of the full form are capital letters, then we always write the abbreviation with capital letters: For example, in the full form, we always write “Federal Bureau of Investigation” with capital letters for the first letter of each word because it is the name of an official organisation. Therefore we have no choice. We must also write the abbreviated form in capitals: FBI 🔸FBI correct 🔸fbi incorrect For the others (the full form is not in capital letters), both forms are acceptable. It is a style choice: “frequently asked questions” – The full form is not in capital letters, therefore we can choose: 🔸FAQ correct 🔸faq incorrect Rules for full stops (periods) In British English, we do not usually use full stops between each letter for initialisms. 🔸FBI correct 🔸F.B.I. incorrect In American English, it is a question of style. Using full stops is more common in American English. 🔸FBI correct 🔸F.B.I. correct ✴️تهیه کننده : جناب استاد ساسان عزیزی نژاد از تالش، استان گیلان 🆔 @Vision_Press3

💢نکاتی در مورد "Abbreviations" ⭕️ درس دوم پایه دوازدهم 🔻بخش دوم 🔶Acronyms:An acronym is formed from the first letters of a group of words. We pronounce the acronym as a word. 🔸NASA – National Aeronautical and Space Administration 🔸NATO – North American Treaty Organisation 🔸OPEC – Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries 🔸PIN – personal identification number (code for bank card) 🔸RAM – random access memory (computer memory) 🔸SIM – subscriber identification module (card for mobile phone) 🔸VAT – value added tax (sales tax in the UK) 🔸ZIP – zone improvement plan (post code in the USA) 🔸VAT (value added tax) is a special case. It can be 2 types of abbreviation: It can be an acronym and we pronounce it as one word /væt/ (rhymes with cat) It can also be treated as an initialism and we pronounce each letter separately “v”, “a”, “t” Rules for capital letters This is the same rules as for the initialisms. If the first letters of the full form are capital letters, then we always write the acronym with capital letters: Example, we always write “North American Treaty Organisation” with capital first letters because it is the name of an official organisation. Therefore we also write the acronym in all capitals: NATO 🔸NATO correct 🔸nato incorrect For the others (the full form is not in capital letters), both forms are acceptable. It is a style choice. “personal identification number” – The full form is not in capital letters, therefore we can choose: 🔸PIN correct 🔸pin correct Rules for full stops (periods) We do NOT use full stops after each letter of an acronym. This because we treat acronyms as words and pronounce them as words. We never write full stops in the middle of words. Example for “personal identification number”: 🔸The PIN for my credit card is 1234 correct 🔸The P.I.N. for my credit card is 1234 incorrect. ✴️تهیه کننده : جناب استاد ساسان عزیزی نژاد از تالش 🆔 @Vision_Press3

💢نکاتی در مورد "Abbreviations" ⭕️ درس دوم پایه دوازدهم 🔻بخش سوم 🔶Shortenings:A shortening is an abbreviation in which the beginning or end of the word has been omitted. 🔶There are 2 types: 🔸Type 1 shortenings (treated as real words) 🔸ad – advertisement (to promote a product or service) 🔸app – application (software) 🔸flu – influenza (an illness) 🔸blog – weblog (a type of website) 🔸rhino – rhinoceros (wild animal) We use type 1 shortenings like real words. We write them and say them as one word. Rules for capital letters The first letter is a capital letter only if the full word starts with a capital letter: Example: full form is “Briton” (with a capital first letter) therefore the shortening also must start with a capital letter: “Brit” Example sentence: There are lots of Brits living in Spain. Rules for full stops (periods) We do NOT use a full stop after type 1 shortenings: 🔸I placed an ad in the newspaper. correct 🔸I placed an ad. in the newspaper. incorrect 🔸Type 2 shortenings (not treated as real words) 🔸Feb. – February 🔸Sat. – Saturday 🔸etc. – et cetera (Latin for “and the rest”) 🔸Type 2 shortenings are only used in writing. But when we say or read them, we say the full version of the word. Writing: “Please send me the Feb accounts.” Speaking: “Please send me the February accounts.” Rules for capital letters The first letter of a type 2 shortening is a capital letter only if the full word starts with a capital letter. Rules for full stops (periods) We have the choice to use full stops (periods) at the end of the abbreviation. Example: 🔸Full form: February 🔸Feb. correct 🔸Feb correct ✴️تهیه کننده : جناب استاد ساسان عزیزی نژاد از تالش، استان گیلان 🆔 @Vision_Press3

💢نکاتی در مورد "Abbreviations" ⭕️ درس دوم پایه دوازدهم 🔻بخش چهارم 🔶Contractions:Contractions are abbreviations in which we omit letters from the middle of a word. We do NOT write a full stop at the end of a contraction. The first letter is a capital letter only if the full word starts with a capital letter. 🔸Type 1 contractions (missing letters from 1 word) 🔸Dr – Doctor 🔸govt – government 🔸St – Saint 🔸Mr – Mister 🔸Type 2 contractions (missing letters from more than 1 word) We use an apostrophe to represent the missing letters: 🔸he‘s – he is 🔸they‘d – they would 🔸I‘ve – I have ✴️تهیه کننده :جناب استاد ساسان عزیزی نژاد از تالش، استان گیلان 🆔 @Vision_Press3

💢مجموعه آزمونهای شنیداری ⭕️پایه دهم 🔻به همراه ۴۱ فایل صوتی ضمیمه ✴️تنظیم و گرد آوری: سرکار خانم آرزو سیفی صف آرا از فومن، استان گیلان 🆔 @Vision_Press3

💢#کلیپ_خوانش_ریدینگ ⭕️#درس_دوم 🔺#پایه_دوازدهم 🔻با استفاده از هوش مصنوعی ✴️تهیه کننده: سرکار خانم ماندانا رنجبر از استان مازنداران 🆔 @Prospect_Vision

💢جزوه لغات، مکالمه و ریدینگ ⭕️#درس_دوم 🔺#پایه_دهم‌ 🔻به همراه نمونه سوالات شبه نهایی و نهایی ✴️تهیه کننده : سرکار خانم رقیه سوخته زاده از دبیرستان حضرت آسیه ، شهرستان گتوند ، استان خوزستان 🆔 @Vision_Press3

📔📔📔 💢آزمون پشت نوبت پایه دهم نوبت صبح و عصر ، آذرماه ۱۴۰۱ ، استان خوزستان 👇 🆔 @Vision_Press3

💢#آزمون_پیش_نوبت ⭕️#زبان_انگلیسی 🔸#پایه_دهم 🔸نوبت صبح 🔸فایل سوالات 🔸آذرماه ۱۴۰۱ ✴️برگزار کننده : اداره آموزش و پرورش شهرستان هندیجان، استان خوزستان 🆔 @Vision_Press3

💢#پاسخ برگ_آزمون👆 ⭕️#زبان_انگلیسی 🔺#پایه_دهم 🔻نوبت صبح ✴️برگزار کننده : اداره آموزش و پرورش شهرستان هندیجان، استان خوزستان 🆔 @Vision_Press3